Diabetes refers to a group of diseases that affect how the body consumes blood sugar (glucose). Glucose is an important source of energy for the cells that make up muscles and tissues, and it is also the main source of energy for the brain.
The main cause of diabetes varies depending on its type, but regardless of the type of diabetes you have, it can lead to an increase in blood sugar levels, and thus an excessive increase in blood sugar levels may lead to serious health problems.
Cases of chronic diabetes include types 1 and 2 of diabetes. Treatable cases of diabetes include prediabetes and gestational diabetes. Prediabetes occurs when blood sugar levels increase above the normal range, but this increase is not large enough to be diagnosed as diabetes, and it can be Prediabetes leads to diabetes, unless steps are taken to prevent it. Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy, but disappears after birth.

Symptoms of type 1 and type 2 diabetes:

• Feeling thirstier than usual.

• frequent urination.

• Losing weight unintentionally.

• The presence of ketones in the urine. Ketones are a byproduct of the breakdown of muscle and fat that occurs when there is not enough insulin in the body.

• Feeling tired and weak.

• Easily irritable or other mood swings.

• Blurred vision.

• Slow healing of sores.

• Suffering from many infections, such as gum, skin and vaginal infections.

Type 1 diabetes can begin at any age, but it often appears in childhood or adolescence. Type 2 diabetes, which is the most common type, may begin at any age. Type 2 diabetes is common among people over the age of 40, but cases Type 2 diabetes in children is on the rise.

• the reasons:

How insulin works
Insulin is a hormone produced by a gland located behind and below the stomach (pancreas).
The pancreas secretes insulin into the bloodstream.

Insulin spreads to allow sugar into the cells.

Insulin reduces the amount of sugar in the bloodstream.

As the blood sugar level decreases, insulin secretion from the pancreas also decreases.
The role of glucose
Glucose, or sugar, is a major source of energy supply to the cells that make up muscles and other tissues.

Glucose comes from two main sources: food and the liver.

Sugar is absorbed into the bloodstream; It enters the cells with the help of insulin.

The liver stores and produces glucose.

When glucose levels are low, such as when you haven’t eaten for a long time, the liver breaks down stored glycogen into glucose, keeping the glucose level within the normal range.

The exact cause of most types of diabetes is not yet known. Sugar accumulates in the bloodstream in all cases. This is due to the pancreas not secreting a sufficient amount of insulin, and type 1 and type 2 diabetes may occur due to a group of genetic or environmental factors, and these factors are not yet clear.

Complications:
Long-term complications of diabetes develop gradually. The longer you have diabetes — and the lower your blood sugar level — the greater your risk of complications. Ultimately, complications of diabetes can be disabling or even life-threatening. In fact, prediabetes can lead to type 2 diabetes.

Possible complications include:
Cardiovascular disease: Diabetes greatly increases the risk of many heart problems. These can include coronary artery disease, heart attack, stroke, and narrowing (hardening) of the arteries.
Nerve damage caused by diabetes (diabetic neuropathy). Excess sugar damages the walls of the small blood vessels (capillaries) that feed the nerves, especially in the legs. This may cause a feeling of tingling, numbness, burning, or pain that usually begins at the tips of the toes or fingers and spreads. Gradually upward.
Nerve damage related to digestion can cause problems such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation. For men, this may lead to erectile dysfunction.
Kidney damage caused by diabetes: The kidney contains millions of clusters of tiny blood vessels (glomeruli) that filter waste from the blood, and diabetes can damage the kidney’s delicate filtration system.
Eye damage caused by diabetes Diabetes may damage the blood vessels in the eye and this can lead to blindness.
Foot damage: Nerve damage in the foot or poor blood flow to the foot increases the risk of many complications in the feet.